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1.
Life (Basel) ; 12(12)2022 Dec 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36556430

RESUMO

Due to its anticonvulsant properties, cannabidiol can be supportive as an adjuvant therapy in the management of drug resistant epilepsy. This retrospective observational study evaluates the intensity and frequency of the seizures of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy that have been treated with antiepileptic medication associated with CBD in low doses for at least 12 months. Thirty-four patients were included in the study. The most frequent diagnosis of epilepsy was focal symptomatic epilepsy and Lennox−Gastaut syndrome (35.2%). During the follow-up, there was a statistically significant decrease in the seizure frequency (t student p < 0.001). A high proportion of patients, 16, concluded the study with a total control of the seizures reaching a 100% improvement, 12 reported ≥ 75% improvement, 3 ≥ 50%, and 2 ≥ 25%; only 1 patient had an improvement of less than 25%. This is the first Latin American study that demonstrates that long-term CBD added to the usual drugs significantly reduces the frequency, duration, and type of seizures in the different etiologies of epilepsy, being especially effective on the seizures that are the most incapacitating, improving the quality of life of the individual and their family.

2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(4): 157-160, 16 ago., 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166091

RESUMO

Introducción. Algunos síndromes epilépticos se caracterizan por crisis de difícil control y asocian un retraso en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor, lo que conlleva un deterioro en la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia. Objetivo. Evaluar el uso del cannabidiol como tratamiento adyuvante en pacientes con epilepsias refractarias. Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional por medio de una encuesta dirigida a la persona cuidadora del paciente. Se valoró la información sobre el paciente y el cuidador, cambios observados sobre las crisis, efectos neuropsicológicos, efectos adversos y percepción global de la familia tras el uso del cannabidiol. Resultados. Se evaluó a 15 pacientes con epilepsias refractarias, quienes recibieron cannabidiol durante un período de un mes a un año. En el 40% de los pacientes hubo una disminución en la frecuencia de las crisis, en el 60% de los pacientes se observó un control de más del 50% de las crisis y en el 27% las crisis desaparecieron totalmente. También se comunicaron cambios neurocognitivos: en el 73% hubo una mejoría del comportamiento; el 60% notificó una mejoría en el lenguaje; el 50%, en el sueño; el 43%, en la alimentación; y el 100%, en el estado de ánimo. La percepción global sobre la enfermedad notificó una mejoría en el 73%. Los efectos adversos más frecuentes fueron somnolencia y fatiga. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren un posible efecto beneficioso del cannabidiol sobre el control de las crisis y en la mejoría de ciertos aspectos neurocognitivos en pacientes con epilepsias refractarias (AU)


Introduction. Some epileptic syndromes are characterised by seizures that are difficult to control and are associated to delayed neuropsychomotor development, which results in a deterioration in the patient’s quality of life as well as in that of his or her family. Aim. To evaluate the use of cannabidiol as adjuvant therapy in patients with refractory epilepsies. Patients and methods. An observational study was conducted by means of a survey addressed to the patient’s caregiver. Data collected included information about the patient and the caregiver, changes observed in the seizures, neuropsychological effects, side effects and the family’s overall perception following the use of cannabidiol. Results. The evaluation examined 15 patients with refractory epilepsies, who received cannabidiol over a period ranging from one month to one year. The frequency of seizures decreased in 40% of the patients, 60% of the patients were seen to have control over 50% of their seizures and in 27% of them the seizures disappeared completely. Neurocognitive changes were also reported: behaviour improved in 73%; 60% reported an improvement in language; in 50% sleep improved; 43% reported improvements in eating habits; and 100% said their mood had improved. The overall perception of the illness was that there had been improvements in 73% of respondents. The most common side effects were drowsiness and fatigue. Conclusions. These results suggest a possible beneficial effect of cannabidiol on the control of seizures and on the improvement of certain neurocognitive aspects in patients with refractory epilepsies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Canabidiol/uso terapêutico , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 63(3): 125-129, 1 ago., 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154996

RESUMO

Introducción. La epilepsia rolándica o epilepsia benigna de la infancia con puntas centrotemporales se denomina benigna debido a lo favorables que suelen ser sus crisis y a la espontánea normalización del electroencefalograma al llegar a la pubertad, aunque se ha demostrado el impacto sobre el desarrollo cognitivo con la presencia de déficits cognitivos heterogéneos, relacionados especialmente con las descargas intercríticas persistentes durante el sueño no REM. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las redes epileptógenas involucradas en los trastornos neuropsicológicos de esta patología. Desarrollo. Las evoluciones atípicas tienen en común una actividad epiléptica persistente durante el sueño lento, que desempeña un papel importante en el desarrollo de los déficits neurocognitivos que se asocian a esta patología. Factores como la edad de inicio de la epilepsia, el inicio de la evolución atípica, la localización de las descargas interictales y la actividad epiléptica continua durante el sueño que persista durante más de dos años pueden provocar cambios en el funcionamiento de las redes neurocognitivas, con los consecuentes déficits en las funciones neuropsicológicas, que incluso pueden resultar irreversibles. Conclusiones. Es necesario un seguimiento cercano tanto clínico como electroencefalográfico; además, deben realizarse estudios neuropsicológicos formales desde el inicio de la epilepsia benigna de la infancia con puntas centrotemporales y más en los casos que es evidente una evolución atípica para detectar y prevenir los déficits neuropsicológicos antes de que se instauren definitivamente (AU)


Introduction. Rolandic epilepsy or benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is called benign because its seizures are usually favourable and due to the spontaneous normalisation of the electroencephalogram on reaching puberty. Nevertheless, evidence has been found of the impact on cognitive development with the presence of heterogeneous cognitive deficits, especially related to persistent intercritical discharges during non-REM sleep. The aim of this study is to examine the epileptogenic networks involved in the neuropsychological disorders of this pathology. Development. A common feature of the atypical developments is persistent epileptic activity during slow sleep, which plays an important role in the development of the neurocognitive deficits that are associated to this pathology. Factors such as the age at onset of the epilepsy, the onset of the atypical development, the location of the interictal discharges and the continuous epileptic activity during sleep that persists for more than two years can trigger changes in the functioning of the neurocognitive networks. This may result in deficits in the neuropsychological functions, which may even be irreversible. Conclusions. A close clinical and electroencephalographic follow-up is necessary. Moreover, formal neuropsychological studies must be conducted as of the onset of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. This is even more necessary in cases in which there is an obvious atypical development in order to detect and prevent the neuropsychological deficits before they establish themselves on a definitive basis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Testes Neuropsicológicos/normas , Neuropsicologia/métodos , Epilepsia Rolândica/epidemiologia , Epilepsia Rolândica/terapia , Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner/complicações , Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Epilepsia Rolândica/complicações
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(3): 106-113, 1 ago., 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-139550

RESUMO

Introducción. Las evoluciones atípicas de la epilepsia rolándica son parte de un espectro clínico de fenotipos variables, idiopáticos, dependientes de la edad y con una predisposición genéticamente determinada. Objetivo. Estudiar las características electroclínicas sugestivas de una evolución atípica en la epilepsia rolándica. Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda retrospectiva de 133 niños diagnosticados de epilepsia focal benigna atípica (EFBA), síndrome de Landau-Kleffner y epilepsia de punta-onda continua durante el sueño (POCS). Se seleccionaron nueve pacientes que, en el trascurso de su epilepsia rolándica, presentaron un cuadro clínico atípico y un patrón electroencefalográfico (EEG) de estado epiléptico eléctrico durante el sueño (ESES). Resultados. El inicio de la epilepsia rolándica fue, en promedio, a los 5 años. Los pacientes presentaron un empeoramiento clínico y del EEG año y medio más tarde en promedio. En tres pacientes se observaron características de EFBA, y en seis, de POCS. No se encontraron casos de síndrome de Landau-Kleffner. El EEG en vigilia mostró una focalidad centrotemporal izquierda en seis pacientes, y derecha, en tres. Todos los pacientes presentaron un ESES en el EEG de sueño. En tres de ellos se observó un patrón atípico de ESES regional. Además, se detectaron alteraciones cognitivas y conductuales por déficits en áreas específicas del aprendizaje, como lenguaje, memoria, atención e inquietud. Conclusiones. El inicio precoz de la epilepsia rolándica, la aparición de nuevas crisis con un incremento en su frecuencia y una focalidad frontocentrotemporal en el EEG, que aumenta en frecuencia, tanto en vigilia como en sueño, son características electroclínicas sugerentes de una evolución atípica (AU)


Introduction. The development of atypical features in rolandic epilepsy is part of a clinical spectrum of phenotypes that are variable, idiopathic and age-dependent, as well as having a genetically determined predisposition. Aim. To study the electroclinical characteristics suggesting an atypical development in rolandic epilepsy Patients and methods. A retrospective search was performed in 133 children diagnosed with atypical benign focal epilepsy (ABFE), Landau-Kleffner syndrome and continuous spike-wave during sleep (CSWS). Nine patients were selected, all of whom presented atypical clinical features and an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) in the course of their rolandic epilepsy. Results. The average age at onset of rolandic epilepsy was 5 years. Patients showed a deterioration of both their clinical features and their EEG recording one and a half years later, on average. ABFE was observed in three of them and CSWS in six. No cases of Landau-Kleffner syndrome were found. The EEG in wakefulness showed the focus to be in the left centrotemporal region in six patients and in three of them it was on the right-hand side. All the patients presented ESES in the EEG during sleep. An atypical pattern was observed in the regional ESES in three of the patients. Moreover, cognitive and behavioural disorders were detected due to deficits in specific learning areas, such as language, memory, attention and restlessness. Conclusions. The early onset of rolandic epilepsy, the appearance of new seizures with an increased frequency and the frontocentrotemporal focus in the EEG, which increases in frequency, both in wakefulness and in sleep, are all electroclinical characteristics of an atypical development (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neuropsicologia/métodos , Epilepsia Rolândica/complicações , Epilepsia Rolândica/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner/complicações , Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Eletroencefalografia/instrumentação , Eletroencefalografia/métodos
5.
Rev Neurol ; 61(3): 106-13, 2015 Aug 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26178515

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The development of atypical features in rolandic epilepsy is part of a clinical spectrum of phenotypes that are variable, idiopathic and age-dependent, as well as having a genetically determined predisposition. AIM: To study the electroclinical characteristics suggesting an atypical development in rolandic epilepsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective search was performed in 133 children diagnosed with atypical benign focal epilepsy (ABFE), Landau-Kleffner syndrome and continuous spike-wave during sleep (CSWS). Nine patients were selected, all of whom presented atypical clinical features and an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) in the course of their rolandic epilepsy. RESULTS: The average age at onset of rolandic epilepsy was 5 years. Patients showed a deterioration of both their clinical features and their EEG recording one and a half years later, on average. ABFE was observed in three of them and CSWS in six. No cases of Landau-Kleffner syndrome were found. The EEG in wakefulness showed the focus to be in the left centrotemporal region in six patients and in three of them it was on the right-hand side. All the patients presented ESES in the EEG during sleep. An atypical pattern was observed in the regional ESES in three of the patients. Moreover, cognitive and behavioural disorders were detected due to deficits in specific learning areas, such as language, memory, attention and restlessness. CONCLUSIONS: The early onset of rolandic epilepsy, the appearance of new seizures with an increased frequency and the frontocentrotemporal focus in the EEG, which increases in frequency, both in wakefulness and in sleep, are all electroclinical characteristics of an atypical development.


TITLE: Las evoluciones atipicas de la epilepsia rolandica son complicaciones predecibles.Introduccion. Las evoluciones atipicas de la epilepsia rolandica son parte de un espectro clinico de fenotipos variables, idiopaticos, dependientes de la edad y con una predisposicion geneticamente determinada. Objetivo. Estudiar las caracteristicas electroclinicas sugestivas de una evolucion atipica en la epilepsia rolandica. Pacientes y metodos. Se realizo una busqueda retrospectiva de 133 niños diagnosticados de epilepsia focal benigna atipica (EFBA), sindrome de Landau-Kleffner y epilepsia de punta-onda continua durante el sueño (POCS). Se seleccionaron nueve pacientes que, en el trascurso de su epilepsia rolandica, presentaron un cuadro clinico atipico y un patron electroencefalografico (EEG) de estado epileptico electrico durante el sueño (ESES). Resultados. El inicio de la epilepsia rolandica fue, en promedio, a los 5 años. Los pacientes presentaron un empeoramiento clinico y del EEG año y medio mas tarde en promedio. En tres pacientes se observaron caracteristicas de EFBA, y en seis, de POCS. No se encontraron casos de sindrome de Landau-Kleffner. El EEG en vigilia mostro una focalidad centrotemporal izquierda en seis pacientes, y derecha, en tres. Todos los pacientes presentaron un ESES en el EEG de sueño. En tres de ellos se observo un patron atipico de ESES regional. Ademas, se detectaron alteraciones cognitivas y conductuales por deficits en areas especificas del aprendizaje, como lenguaje, memoria, atencion e inquietud. Conclusiones. El inicio precoz de la epilepsia rolandica, la aparicion de nuevas crisis con un incremento en su frecuencia y una focalidad frontocentrotemporal en el EEG, que aumenta en frecuencia, tanto en vigilia como en sueño, son caracteristicas electroclinicas sugerentes de una evolucion atipica.


Assuntos
Epilepsia Rolândica/complicações , Potenciais de Ação , Idade de Início , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Progressão da Doença , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsias Parciais/etiologia , Epilepsias Parciais/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia Generalizada/etiologia , Epilepsia Generalizada/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia Rolândica/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia Rolândica/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/complicações , Remissão Espontânea , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transtornos Intrínsecos do Sono/etiologia , Transtornos Intrínsecos do Sono/fisiopatologia , Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia
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